SBBT/TM Program

The Johns Hopkins Hospital Specialist in Blood Bank Technology/Transfusion Medicine (SBBT/TM) program is accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (www.caahep.org) upon the recommendation of the Committee on Accreditation of Specialist in Blood Bank Technology and Transfusion Medicine (CoA-SBBT/TM).

Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP)
9355 - 113th St. N, #7709
Seminole, FL 33775
727-210-2350

The Johns Hopkins Hospital Specialist in Blood Bank Technology/Transfusion Medicine program is sponsored by the Johns Hopkins Hospital Medical Laboratories Pathology Department. The Transfusion Medicine division is accredited by the Association for the Advancement of Blood & Biotherapies (AABB) and the College of American Pathologists (CAP).

Association for the Advancement of Blood & Biotherapies (AABB)
4550 Montgomery Avenue, Suite 700 North Tower
Bethesda, MD 20814
301-907-6977

College of American Pathologists (CAP)
325 Waukegan Road
Northfield, IL 60093
847-832-8000

• 3-year SBB ASCP certification pass rate: 85.7%
• 3-year Positive Placement: 100%

Positive placement is defined as the graduate having full or part-time employment in a related field, and/or is continuing their education, and/or serving in the military.

• Student qualifications
  • Eligibility for employment at the Johns Hopkins Hospital Medical Laboratories
    1. Applicant may request reasonable accommodation for individuals with disabilities.
  • Baccalaureate degree from a regionally accredited college/university including:
    1. Biology: at least 16 credit hours
    2. Chemistry: at least 16 credit hours
    3. Math: 3 credit hours
    4. Minimum GPA accepted is 2.5 (3.0 GPA preferred)
  • MT, MLS, or BB certification
  • Two years of full time blood bank experience by the program start date is preferred, but candidates who have at least one year of full-time experience in a tertiary medical center transfusion service or blood bank with greater than 400 inpatient beds and has performed specialized immunohematology serologic testing will be considered.
  • Evidence of continuing education
• Application
  • Application deadline is November 30 for admission in September the following year.
  • Apply for employment at Johns Hopkins Hospital Transfusion Medicine
  • Application materials:
    1. Program application form
    2. Resume/curriculum vitae
    3. Statement of intent (100 words or fewer) - What are your goals for your SBBT/TM training?
    4. Official college/university transcript
    5. Three letters of reference
    6. Statement of continuing education for the past twelve-month period
  • Forward all application materials to:
    Education & Development Coordinator, Transfusion Medicine
    Johns Hopkins Hospital
    Sheikh Zayed Tower 3100
    1800 Orleans Street
    Baltimore Maryland 21287
• Application Evaluation
  • All completed applications will be disseminated to the admissions committee to determine if an interview will be granted to the applicant.
    1. Incomplete applications will not be considered for admission.
    2. Applicants must meet minimum qualifications to be granted an interview.
• Interview
  • The applicant will be contacted to arrange a mutual convenient time for an interview with members of the admissions committee.
  • Interviews will typically be conducted in December and January.
  • Applicants will be rated based on:
    1. Academic ability
    2. Job experience
    3. Interview skills
    4. Career goals
    5. Potential to complete the program
• Status Notification
  • Those accepted for admission to the program will be contacted to offer the position.
    1. Accepted applicants are required to notify the program of their acceptance or declination within thirty (30) days of notification.
       1. If no response is received, the applicant's declination will be assumed.
  • Those not accepted for admission to the program will be sent letters of non-acceptance.
  • Those who have submitted an incomplete application will not be notified of their status.
    1. Incomplete applications will not be considered for the program.
• Employment
  • Prospective students will be required to become an employee of the Johns Hopkins Hospital Transfusion Medicine division and work a minimum of ninety (90) days prior to the start of the SBB program to allow for training.
  • Acceptance into the program may be rescinded if the prospective student that do not successfully complete the employment probationary period.
• Advanced Placement, Transfer Credits, and Experiential Learning
  • The Johns Hopkins Hospital Specialist in Blood Banking program does not offer advanced placement, transfer of course credits, or offer credit for experiential learning.

The program is expected to prepare competent entry-level specialists in blood banking technology/transfusion medicine in the cognitive, psychomotor, and affective learning domains and adequately prepare SBB graduates to successfully challenge the ASCP SBB certification exam.

The objective of the Johns Hopkins Hospital SBBT/TM program is to produce a highly trained individual who can function competently in multiple capacities while developing leadership qualities and confidence to work in a flexible and changing environment. The program will develop skills enhancing the student's ability to respond to patient and employee needs by effectively communicating information to a broad variety of individuals.

The graduates of the Johns Hopkins SBBT/TM program will be able to be:

• Technical Consultant - Serve as a technical resource for utilizing routine and specialized immunohematology and molecular methods to resolve simple and complex serologic cases.
• Quality Manager - Oversee laboratory quality management programs based on regulatory and accreditation requirements.
• Manager/Supervisor - Perform laboratory operations and resource management duties.
• Transfusion Management Consultant - Provide consultation for blood component transfusion based on clinical and laboratory data, pathophysiological processes, evidence-based transfusion guidelines, and patient blood management strategies.
• Educator - Prepare educational activities in the fields of immunohematology and transfusion medicine.
• Researcher - Participate in research activities in the fields of immunohematology and transfusion medicine.
• Community Leader - Promote professional conduct and effective communication with patients, donors, laboratory personnel, other healthcare professionals, and the public.

Required courses in the Johns Hopkins Hospital SBBT/TM Program Curriculum:

• Fundamentals (Genetics, Biochemistry, Immunology)
• Quality Management
• Blood Donation & Components
• Immunohematology Methods
• Blood Groups
• Anemia
• Hemostasis
• Transfusion Therapy
• Cellular Therapy
• Management
• Capstone (Research)

• Classroom activities - presentations and discussion
• Reading assignments
• Supplemental activities - videos, practice worksheets, case studies
• Written assessments - quizzes, exams, and projects
• Performance of laboratory testing and procedures
• Participation in laboratory management activities
• Participation in student rotations
• Student presentations
• Teaching opportunities

Students are employees of the Johns Hopkins Hospital and are managed by the criteria established in the Attendance Management Policy for employment. Students are required to work 40 hours per week with a maximum of ten absences during the academic year with some exceptions.

All classes in the SBB program are required and punctuality is expected.

A student's matriculation through the Johns Hopkins Hospital SBBT/TM program may be terminated by two means, self-withdrawal or dismissal.

Self-withdrawal: A student may choose to withdrawal from the program at any time for any reason. Withdrawal from the program will not impact their employment status. Students wanting to withdrawal from the program must complete the Voluntary Student Withdrawal form and submit to the Education & Development Coordinator.

Dismissal: Program faculty may decide to remove the student from the program. The reason for dismissal may affect their employment status.
A. Causes that may not affect students employment status:

1. Failure to maintain an acceptable grade average as measured by examinations and projects.
2. Failure to complete multiple assignments on time.
3. Failure to adhere to the attendance policy.
4. Failure to demonstrate understanding of didactic and technical theory evidence by the student's inability to resolve serologic problems, select appropriate treatment methods, participate in intellectual exchange, or explain concepts that have been previously discussed

Methods for Student Removal:

1. Unsatisfactory program performance will be discussed with program faculty
2. Verbal and written warning will be used to notify the student of the unsatisfactory performance.
3. Follow-up evaluation will take place no later than than one month after the initial written warning. If the student fails to demonstrate improvement, they will be dismissed from the program.

B. Causes that may affect student's employment status:

1. Failure to follow established hospital personnel policies and procedures.
2. Failure to follow standard operating procedures

Methods for Student Removal:

1. Notification and corrective action will follow the Johns Hopkins Medicine Corrective Action policy.
2. Students receiving a written reprimand as part of corrective action will be dismissed from the program.

Grievance
Students dismissed from the program who believe they have been treated unfairly, discriminated against, or have had their rights abridged may initiate grievance.

1. Unsatisfactory academic performance, students may appeal their dismissal from the program, if the means of assessing the student's academic performance is arbitrary (based on attributes other than performance in the program or are based on unreasonable expectations that are not defined in the program goals and curriculum).
2. Unsatisfactory work performance, students may appeal their dismissal from the program and/or employment. Students may pursue the Employee Appeals Process if a decision was made by the program that impacted the terms or conditions of their education status or employment.

Buban KR, Lawrence CE, Zhu XJ, Tobian AAR, Gehrie EA, Vozniak S., Shrestha R, Lokhandwala PM, Bloch, EM. Algorithm-based selection of automated red blood cell exchange procedure goals reduces blood utilization in chronically transfused adults with sickle cell disease. J Clin Apher. 2022; 37(5):1-8. doi: 10.1002/jca.22004

Blagg LN, Hruban RH, Gehrie EA. A department-sponsored, hospital-based pathology education symposium is a cost-effective method to provide laboratory staff with highly rated continuing education experiences. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2021; 145(2): 231-239. doi:10.5858/arpa.2019-0694-EP

Haddaway K, Bloch EM, Tobian AA, Frank SM, Sikorski R, Cho BC, Zheng G, Jani J, Lokhandwala PM, Lawrence CE, Blagg L, Ness PM, Kickler TS & Gehrie EA. Hemostatic properties of cold‐stored whole blood leukoreduced using a platelet‐sparing versus a non–platelet‐sparing filter. Transfusion. 2019; 59: 1809-1817. doi: 10.1111/trf.15159

Erony SM, Marshall CE, Gehrie EA, Boyd JS, Ness PM, Tobian AA, Carroll KC, Blagg L, Shifflett L, & Bloch EM. (2018). The epidemiology of bacterial culture–positive and septic transfusion reactions at a large tertiary academic center: 2009 to 2016. Transfusion. 2018; 58: 1933-1939. doi: 10.1111/trf.14789

Blagg LN. Sulfhydryl treatment of serum or plasma for the reduction of IgM antibodies. Immunohematology. 2018; 34: 135-139.

Lokhandwala PM, O'Neal A, Patel EU, Brunker PA, Gehrie EA, Zheng G, Kickler TS, Ness PM & Tobian AA. Hemostatic profile and safety of pooled cryoprecipitate up to 120 hours after thawing. Transfusion. 2018; 58: 1126-1131. doi: 10.1111/trf.14550

Horn T, Hamilton J, Kosanke J, Hare VW, Kluver W, Beres W, Nance S, & Keller MA. Assessment of common red blood cell pretreatments to yield an accurate serologic antigen phenotype compared with genotype predicted phenotype. Immunohematology. 2017; 33,147-151.

Luo X, Keller MA, James I, Grant M, Liu S, Massey KS, Czulewicz A, Nance S, & Li Y. Strategies to identify candidates D variant genotyping. Blood Transfus, 2017; 5: 1-9. doi: 10.2450/2017.0274-16

Brunker PAR, Ravindran K, & Shirey RS. Modeling alloantibody formation to high-incidence red blood cell antigens in immune responders using genotypic data. Immunohematology, 2017; 33: 9-14.

Nance S, Scharberg EA, Thornton N, Yahalom V, Sareneva I, & Lomas-Francis C. International rare donor panels: a review. Vox Sang, 2016; 110: 209–218. doi: 10.1111/vox.12357

Beres W, Meny G, & Nance S. A detailed flow cytometric method for detection of low-level in vivo red blood cell–bound IgG, IgA, and IgM. Immunohematology. 2016; 32: 161-169.

Prince SD, Winestone LE, Nance SJ, & Friedman DF. Recurrent Donath-­Landsteiner hemolytic anemia: A pediatric case report. Transfusion. 2016; 57: 1401-1406. doi: 10.1111/trf.14032

Noonan KA, Huff CA, Davis J, Lemas MV, Fiorino S, Bitzan J, Ferguson A, Emerling A, Luznik L, Matsui W, Powell J, Fuchs E, Rosner GL, Epstein C, Rudraraju L, Ambinder RF, Jones RJ, Pardoll D, & Borrello I. Adoptive transfer of activated marrow-infiltrating lymphocytes induces measurable antitumor immunity in the bone marrow in multiple myeloma. Sci Transl Med. 2015; 7(288): 288ra78. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa7014

Gupta S, Fenves A, Nance SJ, Sykes D, & Dzik W. Hyperhemolysis syndrome in a patient without a hemoglobinopathy, unresponsive to treatment with eculizumab. Transfusion. 2015; 55: 623–628. doi: 10.1111/trf.12876

Betensky M, Witmer C, Fisher MJ, Nance S, Weiss MJ, & Sesok-Pizzini DA. Immune hemolytic anemia with drug-induced antibodies to carboplatin and vincristine in a pediatric patient with an optic pathway glioma. Transfusion. 2014; 54: 2901-2905. doi: 10.1111/trf.12729

Karantalis V, DiFede DL, Gerstenblith G, Pham S, Symes J, Zambrano JP, Fishman J, Pattany P, McNiece I, Conte J, Schulman S, Wu K, Shah A, Breton E, Davis-Sproul J, Schwarz R, Feigenbaum G, Mushtaq M, Suncion VY, Lardo AC, Borrello I, Mendizabal A, Karas TZ, Byrnes J, Lowery M, Heldman AW, & Hare JM. Autologous mesenchymal stem cells produce concordant improvements in regional function, tissue perfusion, and fibrotic burden when administered to patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: The prospective randomized study of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in patients undergoing cardiac surgery (PROMETHEUS) trial. Circ Res. 2014; 114(8): 1302-10. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.114.303180

Vege S, Nance S, Kavitsky D, Li X, Horn T, Meny G, & Westhoff CM. A novel AQP1 allele associated with Co(a–b–) phenotype. Immunohematology. 2013; 29: 1-4.

Smith HM, Shirey RS, Thoman SK, & Jackson JB. Prevalence of clinically significant red blood cell alloantibodies in pregnant women at a large tertiary-care facility. Immunohematology. 2013; 29: 127-130.

Eipl K, Nakabiito C, Bwogi K, Motevalli M, Roots A, Blagg L, & Jackson, JB. Seroprevalence of unexpected red blood cell antibodies among pregnant women in Uganda. Immunohematology. 2012; 28: 115–117.

Karafin MS, Blagg L, Tobian AAR, King KE, Ness PM, & Savage WJ. ABO antibody titers are not predictive of hemolytic reactions due to plasma-incompatible platelet transfusions. Transfusion. 2012; 52(10): 2087–2093. doi: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2012.03574.x

Blagg LN. Transfusion Science, 2nd ed. Joyce Overfield, Maureen Dawson, and David Hamer. Oxfordshire, Scion Publishing Ltd, 2008. (book review). Transfusion. 2010; 50: 2281. doi: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.02794.x

Velliquette RW, Hu Z, Lomas-Francis C, Hue-Roye K, Allen JL, Mirabella D, & Reid ME. Novel single-nucleotide change in GYP*A in a person who made an alloantibody to a new high-prevalence MNS antigen called ENEV. Transfusion. 2010; 50: 856-860. doi: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02522.x

Shirey RS, Cai W, Montgomery RA, Chhibber V, Ness PM and King KE. Streamlining ABO antibody titrations for monitoring ABO-incompatible kidney transplants. Transfusion. 2010; 50: 631–634. doi: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02478.x

Nguyen DM, Lee HJ, Mirabella D, & Wu DW. Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction due to Anti-Jkb: Case report highlighting the importance of early blood bank consultation and literature review. N Am J Med Sci. 2010; 3 (4): 187.

Cruz, J. R., Harmening, D. M., & Nance, S.J. (2008). Summary of the Caribbean sub-regional workshop on quality: a collaborative effort to improve international blood transfusion services. Immunohematology, 24, 1-3.

Nance S. ISBT working party for rare donors: 24 years of international collaboration. Transfusion Today. 2008; 75: 4-10.

Reesink HW, Engelfriet CP, Schennach H. et al. Donors with a rare pheno (geno) type. Vox Sang. 2008; 95: 236-253. doi: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2008.01084.x

Nance S. Operational issues for implementation of donor genotyping for red cell antigens. Transfusion. 2007; Special Supplement.

Sesok-Pizzini DA, Friedman DP, Smith-Whitley K, & Nance SJ. Transfusion support of patients with Sickle Cell Disease at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. Immunohematology. 2006; 22: 121-125.

Bell MJ, Stockwell DC, Luban NL, Shirey RS, Shaak L, Ness PM, & Wong EC. Ceftriaxone-induced hemolytic anemia and hepatitis in an adolescent with hemoglobin SC disease. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2005; 6(3): 363-6. doi: 10.1097/01.PCC.0000161285.12396.FF

Nance SJ, Hsu S, Vassallo RR, & Murphy S. Platelet matching for alloimmunized patients – room for improvement. Immunohematology. 2004; 20: 80-88.

Ko YH, Smith BL, Wang Y, Pomper MG, Rini DA, Torbenson MS, Hullihen J, & Pedersen PL. Advanced cancers: eradication in all cases using 3-bromopyruvate therapy to deplete ATP. Biochem and Biophys Res Commun. 2004; 324: 269-275.

Storry JR, Westhoff CM, Charles-Pierre D, Rios M, Hue-Roye K, Vege S, Nance S, & Reid ME. DNA analysis for donor screening of Dombrock blood group antigens. Immunohematology. 2003; 19: 73-76.

Mechanic S, Maurer J, Igoe MJ, Kavitsky D, & Nance S. Anti-Vel reactivity diminished by adsorption with rabbit erythrocyte stroma. Transfusion. 2002; 42, 1180-1183. doi: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2002.00187.x

Montgomery WM, Nance SJ, Donnelly SF et al. MAM: a “new” high incidence antigen Found on multiple cell lines. Transfusion. 2000; 40: 1132-1159.

Munizza M, Nance S, Keashen-Schnell MA, Sherwood W, & Murphy S. Provision of HPA-1a(PlA1)-negative platelets for neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia: screening, testing, and transfusion protocol. Immunohematology. 1999; 15: 71-74.

Rumsey DH, Sandler SA, Nance SJ, & Rubino M. Naturally occurring anti-Jk^a in twins detected by solid phase method only. Immunohematology. 1999; 15: 159-162.

Nance S. From Donor to Patient. In: Reid M and Nance S. Red Cell Transfusion: A practical guide. Humana Press; 1997.

Reid ME, Storry JR, Maurer J, Nance S. Practical Method for Determination of the U Status of S-s- erythrocytes. Immunohematology 1997; 13:111-114.

Sandler SG, Mallory DM, Trimble J, Nance SJ. Serological Reactivity of WinRho SD does not differentiate common D+ phenotypes. Blood 1997 (letter).

Shirey RS, Mirabella DC, Lumadue JA and Ness PM. Differentiation of anti-D, -C, and –G: clinical relevance in alloimmunized pregnancies. Transfusion. 1997; 37: 493-496. doi: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1997.37597293879.x

Walz T, Hirai T, Murata K, Heymann JB, Mitsuoka K, Fujiyoshi Y, Smith BL, Agre P, & Engel A. The three-dimensional structure of aquaporin-1. Nature. 1997; 387:624-627. doi: 10.1038/42512

Smith BL, Preston GM, Spring FA, Anstee DJ, and Agre P. Human red cell Aquaporin CHIP: I. Molecular characterization of ABH and Colton blood group antigens. J Clin Invest. 1994; 94:1043-1049. doi: 10.1172/JCI117418

Lucas GF, Hadley AG, Nance SJ, Garratty G. Predicting haemolytic disease of the newborn: A comparison of the monocyte monolayer assay and the chemiluminescence test. Transfusion. 1993; 33; 484-487. doi: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1993.33693296810.x

Munizza M., Kavitsky D., Schainker B.A., Poyser A., Peek C., Nance S. Hemolytic Anemia Associated with injection of Fluorescein. Transfusion. 1993; 33:689-92. doi: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1993.33893342754.x

Sacks DA, Garratty G, Nance S, Petrucha RA, Horenstein J, Fotheringham N. The monocyte monolayer assay as a predictor of severity of erythroblastosis fetalis. Am J of Perinatol. 1993; 10: 428-431. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-994623

Judd WJ, Steiner EA, Abruzzo LV, Davenport RD, Oberman HA, Pehta J, Nance SJ. Anti-i causing acute hemolysis following a negative immediate-spin crossmatch. Transfusion. 1992; 32: 572-575. doi: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1992.32692367204.x

Judd WJ, Steiner EA, Oberman HA, Nance S. Can the reading for serological reactivity following 37^oC incubation be omitted? Transfusion. 1992; 32:304-308. doi: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1992.32492263441.x

Garratty G, Nance S, Domen R. Fatal immune hemolytic anemia due to cefetetan. Transfusion. 1992; 32: 269-271. doi: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1992.32392213813.x

Smith BL, and Agre P. Erythrocyte Mr 28,000 transmembrane protein exists as a multisubunit oligomer similar to channel proteins. J Biol Chem. 1991; 266: 6407-6415.

Nance S, Arndt P, Garratty G, Nelson J. Correlation of IgG subclass with the severity of hemolytic disease of the newborn. Transfusion. 1990;30:381-382. doi: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1990.30490273453.x

Garratty G, Nance SJ. Correlation between in vivo hemolysis and the amount of red cell bound IgG measured by flow cytometry. Transfusion. 1990; 30: 617-621. doi: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1990.30790385519.x

Nance S, Nelson J, Arndt P, Lam H, Garratty G. Quantitation of fetal maternal hemorrhage by flow cytometry, a simple and accurate method. Amer J Clin Pathol. 1989; 91: 288-292. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/91.3.288

Nance S, Nelson J, Horenstein J, Arndt P, Platt L, Garratty G. Monocyte monolayer assay - an efficient non-invasive technique for predicting the severity of hemolytic disease of the newborn. Amer J Clin Pathol. 1989; 92: 89-92. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/92.1.89

Nance S, Garratty G. Preparation of reticulocyte-rich red cells using LeucoPREP. Transfusion. 1989; 29: 560-561. doi: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1989.29689318463.x

Levy G, Selset G, McQuiston D, Nance S, Garratty G, Smith L, Goldfinger D. Clinical significance of anti-Yt^b: Report of a case using a 51 Chromium red cell survival study. Transfusion. 1988; 28: 265-267. doi: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1988.28388219157.x

Denker BM, Smith BL, Kuhajda FP, and Agre P. Identification, purification, and partial characterization of a novel Mr 28,000 integral membrane protein from erythrocytes and renal tubules. J Biol Chem. 1988; 263: 15634-15642.

Nance S, Arndt P, Garratty G. The effect of fresh normal sera on monocyte monolayer assay reactivity. Transfusion. 1988; 28: 398-399. doi: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1988.28488265281.x

Nance S, Ladisch S, Williamson T, & Garratty G. Erythromycin-induced immune hemolytic anemia. Vox Sang. 1988; 55: 233-236. doi: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.1988.tb04703.x

Oien L, Nance S, Arndt P, Garratty G. Determination of zygosity using flow cytometric analysis of red blood cell antigen strength. Transfusion. 1988; 28: 541-544. doi: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1988.28689059027.x

Druzin ML, Wolf CFW, Eidersheim T, Hudon JM, Kogust EA, Salamon J. Donation of blood by the pregnant patient for autologous transfusion. Am J Obstet and Gynecol. 1988; 159: 1023. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378

Nance S, Arndt P, & Garratty G. Predicting the clinical significance of red cell alloantibodies using a monocyte monolayer assay. Transfusion. 1987; 27: 449-452. doi: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1987.27688071692.x

Nance S & Garratty G. Application of flow cytometry to immunohematology. J Immunol Methods. 1987; 101: 27-131. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759

Nance S. & Garratty G. Polyethylene glycol: a new potentiator of red cell antigen-antibody reactions. Am J Clin Pathol. 1987; 87: 633-635. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/87.5.633

Postoway N, Nance S, & Garratty G. Variables affecting the enzyme-linked antiglobulin test when detecting and quantitating IgG red cell antibodies. Med Lab Sci. 1985; 42: 11-19.

Ness,PM & Salamon JL. The failure of post injection Rh immune globulin titers to detect large fetal maternal hemorrhages. Am J Clin Pathol. 1986; 85(5): 604-606. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/85.5.604

Kickler TS, Salamon JL, Welsh F, Ness PM, & Braine H. A microtiter plate technique for the detection of platelet antibodies and platelet antigen typing. Transfusion. 1984; 24: 247. doi: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1984.24384225032.x

Garratty G, Postoway N, Nance S, & Brunt D. Spontaneous agglutination of red cells with a positive direct antiglobulin test in various media. Transfusion. 1984; 24: 214-217. doi: 10.1046/j.1537-2995

Gibble JW, Salamon JL & Ness PM. Comparison of antibody elution techniques by enzyme linked antiglobulin test (ELAT). Transfusion. 1983; 23: 300. doi: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1983.23483276862.x

Greenberg A, Winkler R, Smith BL, & Liebman J. The negatively charged nitrogen in ammonium ion and derived concepts of acidity, basicity, proton affinity, and ion energetics. J Chem Educ. 1982; 59: 367-370.

Taddie S, Barrasso C, & Ness PM. Anti-K6 as a cause of delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction. Transfusion. 1982: 22: 68-69. doi: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1982.22182154223.x

Riley JZ, Ness PM, Taddie S, Barrasso C, & Baldwin M. Detection and quantitation of fetal-maternal bleed utilizing an enzyme-linked antiglobulin test. Transfusion. 1982; 22: 472-474. doi: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1982.22683068605.x

Grindon AJ & Eska PL. Error rate, precision, and accuracy in Immunohematology. Transfusion. 1977; 17: 425–430. doi: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1977.17578014578.x

Winn LC, Eska PL & Grindon AJ. Anti-Rd (Radin) following the transfusion of a Radin-positive unit of blood. Transfusion, 1976; 16: 351–352. doi: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1976.16476247056.x

Winn LC, Eska PL & Grindon AJ. ABO Discrepancy Caused by an Auto Anti-N. Transfusion. 1975; 15: 612–613. doi: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1975.15676082240.x

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